ICT
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communication. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit.[1] The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represented as 1 and 0, but other representations such as true/false, yes/no, on/off, and +/− are also widely used.
Input devices enter data, output devices display results, and storage devices save information. Key input devices include keyboards, mice, and microphones. Output devices include monitors and printers. Storage includes hard drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), and USB flash drives, allowing for data retention.
The evolution from 1950s mainframes to modern smartphones represents a dramatic shift in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) toward miniaturization, affordability, and ubiquitous computing
An Operating System (OS) is the most essential software that acts as a bridge between computer hardware and the user. It manages files, memory, and devices to ensure smooth operation. Examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Application software is software that is intended for end-user use – not operating, administering or programming a computer. It includes programs such as word processors, web browsers, media players, and mobile applications used in daily tasks. An application (app, application program, software application) is any program that can be categorized as application software. Application is a subjective classification that is often used to differentiate from system and utility software.
A programming language is an engineered language for expressing computer programs, typically allowing software to be written in a human readable manner.